Written by Kate Austin
Updated on 07/30/2025
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is a progressive neurological condition that often goes unnoticed until it begins affecting a dog’s ability to walk. What starts as occasional stumbling or dragging of the hind legs can quickly escalate to full paralysis if left unmanaged. For many dog owners, the diagnosis comes as a shock—especially because the early signs can be mistaken for arthritis, ageing, or minor injuries.
This guide is designed to give you a complete understanding of degenerative myelopathy in dogs, from the underlying causes to the most effective ways you can support your pet. Whether you’ve just received a diagnosis or are worried about your dog’s changing gait, this article will walk you through every stage of the condition, with clear, evidence-based advice to help you navigate it.
What Is Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs?
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a disease of the spinal cord that slowly strips away a dog’s ability to control its hind legs. It's often compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in humans—also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease—because of the similar degeneration of motor neurons.
The condition primarily affects the white matter of the spinal cord, which is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and limbs. As the disease progresses, these pathways deteriorate, causing a breakdown in coordination, strength, and mobility in the back legs.
“DM is a progressive disease of the spinal cord which causes weakness and eventually paralysis of the back legs, and is thought to be genetically inherited in many cases.”
— Royal Veterinary College, UK
Did you know? DM is not caused by injury or trauma. It’s a genetically inherited disease, meaning dogs can carry the mutation for years without any visible symptoms.
Although DM can technically affect any dog, it’s most commonly seen in middle-aged to senior dogs aged 8 years or older. Certain breeds—such as German Shepherds, Boxers, Pembroke Welsh Corgis, and Chesapeake Bay Retrievers—are at significantly higher risk, particularly if they carry the SOD1 gene mutation.
Key takeaway: If your dog belongs to a high-risk breed or shows signs of hind leg weakness, consider speaking to your vet about genetic testing. Early awareness is crucial, as DM is a diagnosis of exclusion—meaning it’s often identified after ruling out other conditions like IVDD, arthritis, or spinal tumours.
Recognising the Symptoms of Degenerative Myelopathy
Degenerative myelopathy doesn't announce itself overnight. The earliest signs are often subtle and easy to dismiss—especially in older dogs. But paying close attention can make all the difference in managing the condition early.
Common early symptoms of DM include:
● Slight dragging or scuffing of the back paws
● Wobbliness or loss of balance in the hind legs
● Difficulty standing up after resting
● Swaying back legs when walking
● Knuckling (where the top of the paw drags on the ground)
At first, these signs may appear only occasionally, especially after exercise or long periods of rest. But over time, the condition becomes more consistent and clearly noticeable.
Progression of Symptoms:
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Importantly, degenerative myelopathy in dogs is not painful—but it is debilitating. Many owners mistakenly associate a lack of yelping or whimpering with absence of disease, when in fact, DM progresses silently.
Look for patterns: If your dog consistently struggles with stairs, hesitates to jump, or walks in a cross-legged pattern, it’s worth investigating further.
How Is Degenerative Myelopathy Diagnosed?
Diagnosing degenerative myelopathy in dogs is not a straightforward process. There’s no single test that confirms it with 100% accuracy. Instead, DM is typically a diagnosis of exclusion—meaning veterinarians rule out other potential causes first.
Step 1: Ruling Out Other Conditions
Many diseases can mimic the symptoms of DM, including:
● Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
● Hip dysplasia
● Spinal tumours
● Lumbosacral stenosis
To eliminate these, your vet may recommend:
● Neurological exams
● X-rays or CT scans
● MRI (to visualise the spinal cord in detail)
Step 2: Genetic Testing (SOD1 Mutation)
A DNA test is currently the most definitive tool we have. The SOD1 gene mutation is strongly associated with degenerative myelopathy in dogs. This test is non-invasive and involves a simple cheek swab, which can be done at your vet’s office or through reputable labs like the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals (OFA).
Important note: A positive test doesn’t guarantee that a dog will develop DM—it only indicates genetic susceptibility. However, a clear result can help rule the disease out.
Tip: If your dog shows early signs and belongs to a high-risk breed, ask your vet about ordering a genetic test early on. It can save months of uncertainty.
The Stages and Progression of Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs
Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive condition, typically unfolding over a span of six months to three years, depending on the dog and level of care. Understanding the timeline helps owners prepare emotionally and practically.
Stage 1: Subtle Onset (0–6 months)
At this point, symptoms are often mild and episodic.
● Occasional dragging of one hind leg
● Slight imbalance when turning or running
● Hesitation before jumping
Dogs may still appear playful and active, masking the seriousness of the issue.
Stage 2: Moderate Hind Limb Weakness (6–12 months)
Symptoms become more obvious and start to interfere with daily life:
● Noticeable sway in the hindquarters
● Frequent stumbling
● Reduced muscle tone in rear legs
Some dogs begin to develop sores from knuckling or dragging their feet.
Stage 3: Advanced Progression (12–18 months)
Mobility significantly declines.
● Rear leg paralysis
● Urinary and/or faecal incontinence
● Inability to stand without assistance
At this point, many owners introduce mobility aids like dog wheelchairs, support harnesses, and non-slip flooring at home.
Stage 4: Full Paralysis and Complications (18+ months)
Without intervention, the disease eventually affects the front limbs and even respiratory muscles.
● Generalised weakness
● Difficulty breathing
● Risk of pressure sores, infection, and emotional distress
Reality check: Most dogs with untreated or late-stage DM are euthanised due to quality-of-life concerns, not pain. Knowing this allows owners to plan compassionate care early on.
Is There a Cure for Degenerative Myelopathy in Dogs?
Unfortunately, there is no known cure for degenerative myelopathy. The condition is irreversible and continues to progress even with intervention. However, that doesn't mean nothing can be done. There are several ways to slow its progression and improve your dog’s quality of life.
Can medication stop the disease?
No.
There are currently no drugs that halt or reverse the damage to the spinal cord. However, some vets may prescribe anti-inflammatories to rule out coexisting issues such as arthritis or disc disease.
What about physical therapy?
Yes — it helps.
Regular, structured physical therapy has been shown to significantly delay the onset of paralysis. Hydrotherapy, assisted walking, and balance exercises can:
● Preserve muscle mass
● Stimulate nerve function
● Maintain joint mobility
A 2006 study in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine showed that dogs receiving daily physiotherapy maintained mobility longer than those without it.
Are there any supportive treatments?
Absolutely.
● Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B-complex, and antioxidants may support nerve health
● Laser therapy: Can reduce inflammation and improve circulation
● Mobility aids: Dog wheelchairs, rear-limb slings, and booties help dogs remain active
Can lifestyle changes make a difference?
Yes.
● Keep your dog lean — excess weight accelerates decline
● Use non-slip mats at home to prevent falls
● Avoid stairs when possible
● Maintain a calm, stress-free routine
While you can’t cure DM, you can prolong your dog’s independence and dignity with the right tools and care.
How to Help a Dog With Degenerative Myelopathy
Supporting a dog with degenerative myelopathy is not just about managing symptoms — it’s about helping them maintain dignity, mobility, and emotional wellbeing for as long as possible. Below are some of the most effective ways to provide care at home.
Problem: Rear Leg Weakness
Solution: Rear Support Harnesses
As the hind legs weaken, dogs may struggle to walk, stand up, or go outside to toilet. A rear-lift harness allows you to gently support their back end without straining your own body. Look for designs with soft padding and adjustable straps.
Problem: Inability to Walk Independently
Solution: Dog Wheelchairs
When rear-leg paralysis sets in, a well-fitted dog wheelchair can transform daily life — for both the dog and their family. Wheelchairs provide:
● Freedom to explore outdoors
● Muscle engagement to slow further atrophy
● Improved mental health through regained independence
At Furria, we specialise in lightweight, adjustable wheelchairs for small and medium-sized dogs. Each model is designed to match the unique posture and stride of disabled pets — with vet-informed sizing and supportive materials.
Problem: Paw Dragging and Knuckling
Solution: Booties and Paw Protection
Dragging paws can lead to scrapes, infections, and bleeding. Non-slip booties with rubber soles help protect paws and give dogs better grip indoors. Use them on hard floors or during short outdoor walks.
Problem: Loss of Balance Indoors
Solution: Traction and Stability Aids
Falls are common in DM dogs. You can make your home safer by:
● Adding rugs or yoga mats to slippery surfaces
● Blocking access to stairs
● Raising food and water bowls to reduce strain
Problem: Emotional Distress
Solution: Predictable Routines and Affection
Dogs are incredibly intuitive — they feel stress, frustration, and confusion. You can ease their emotional discomfort by:
● Maintaining familiar routines
● Keeping interactions gentle and reassuring
● Celebrating small wins, like a walk in the garden or successful potty break
Caring for a dog with DM is not easy, but it is deeply rewarding. With the right tools and mindset, your dog can live many happy, meaningful months — even after diagnosis.
Best Supplements and Diet for Dogs With Degenerative Myelopathy
While no supplement can reverse degenerative myelopathy, certain nutrients may help protect nerve tissue, reduce oxidative stress, and support overall mobility. Pairing the right diet with targeted supplements can improve your dog’s energy levels and slow the rate of decline.
Supplements That May Help:
Note: Always consult your vet before introducing supplements — especially if your dog is on other medications.
Nutritional Considerations for Dogs With DM
A dog with degenerative myelopathy benefits from a diet that is:
● High in lean protein to preserve muscle mass
● Low in carbohydrates to prevent weight gain
● Enriched with antioxidants to support nerve and brain health
● Moisture-rich (wet food or hydrated kibble) to support urinary health if incontinence begins
You don’t necessarily need a prescription diet — but you should avoid commercial foods high in fillers and grains. Instead, look for formulations with fish, turkey, or duck as the primary protein, and limited ingredients.
Dogs with mobility issues burn fewer calories, so portion control becomes critical. Excess weight accelerates muscle loss and makes walking even harder.
Living With a Dog Who Has Degenerative Myelopathy
Living with a dog diagnosed with degenerative myelopathy is a deeply personal experience. It comes with moments of heartbreak — and moments of unexpected joy. As your dog begins to lose what they once did effortlessly, your bond with them often grows stronger.
There will be days when they struggle to stand, and days when their spirit seems unchanged — tail wagging, eyes bright, eager for a walk or cuddle.
It’s a Journey of Adaptation
Your daily routine will shift. You’ll learn how to lift your dog gently into their wheelchair, how to spot subtle signs of fatigue, how to keep their body clean when movement becomes limited.
You’ll become an expert in your own way — reading their cues, anticipating their needs, and finding small workarounds that make a big difference.
Quality of Life Is Everything
Degenerative myelopathy is not painful in the traditional sense, but it can be frustrating and disorienting for the dog. Your role is to maintain their comfort, safety, and dignity.
Keep their environment calm and predictable. Offer affection freely. Celebrate the little victories — a walk around the block, a tail wag, a peaceful nap in the sun.
“Our dog lost the use of her back legs within eight months. But she never lost her love of life. With a wheelchair and patience, she still chased birds and barked at squirrels — just like always.”
— A Furria customer
This stage of life may be challenging, but it is also meaningful. You are your dog’s advocate, their carer, and their constant. And that matters more than anything.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How fast does degenerative myelopathy progress in dogs?
Progression varies, but most dogs lose the ability to walk within 6–12 months after diagnosis. With physical therapy and supportive care, some dogs remain mobile for up to 2–3 years.
Is degenerative myelopathy painful for dogs?
No, DM itself is not painful. However, dogs may experience secondary discomfort from muscle strain, pressure sores, or joint stiffness if mobility is not properly supported.
Can DM be reversed or cured?
No. There is currently no cure or treatment that reverses the disease. However, early diagnosis and supportive care can slow its progression.
What’s the difference between DM and arthritis?
Arthritis causes joint inflammation and pain, while DM is a neurological condition that causes painless hind limb weakness. Dogs with arthritis often respond to anti-inflammatory medication, unlike dogs with DM.
Should I euthanise my dog when they can no longer walk?
Not necessarily. Many dogs with DM adapt well to mobility aids such as wheelchairs. Euthanasia should only be considered when quality of life declines significantly — due to pain, distress, or systemic complications.
What breeds are most at risk for degenerative myelopathy?
High-risk breeds include:
● German Shepherds
● Pembroke Welsh Corgis
● Boxers
● Bernese Mountain Dogs
● Chesapeake Bay Retrievers
● Poodles (Standard)
Is genetic testing for DM reliable?
Yes, the SOD1 DNA test identifies whether your dog is clear, a carrier, or at-risk. While not diagnostic on its own, it’s a useful tool — especially in high-risk breeds.
Recovery from DM is never one-size-fits-all — but support should never be out of reach.
See what we offer — and decide what feels right for your dog.
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Helpful Resources and Further Reading
To support your journey, we’ve gathered some trusted sources and communities that offer further guidance:
Diagnostic & Medical Resources
● Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals (OFA)
Related Articles from Furria Blog
● Understanding Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in Dogs
● What is Canine Arthritis? Understanding Your Dog’s Joint Health
Final Thoughts: You’re Not Alone in This
Degenerative myelopathy is a diagnosis no dog owner wants to hear — but it’s not the end of your dog’s story. With love, knowledge, and the right support, many dogs continue to live rich, joyful lives.
At Furria, we believe that mobility should never be a barrier to happiness. That’s why we offer lightweight, adjustable wheelchairs tailored for dogs with degenerative conditions — and we back every product with expert guidance and compassionate care.
If you’re looking for practical solutions to help your dog regain independence, you’re welcome to explore our selection of dog wheelchairs and mobility aids.
Your dog gave you their best years. Now it's your turn to give them their best days.
