Written by Kate Austin | Furria Team
Published on: 16 September 2025
Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If your dog is persistently dragging or scratching its paws against the ground, or showing other mobility issues such as stumbling or loss of coordination, seek immediate guidance from a qualified veterinarian. In the UK, this may involve contacting your local practice or asking for a referral to an RCVS-accredited neurology specialist.
Introduction
Dog ground scratching is often dismissed as an odd habit, but for many dogs it is a subtle sign that something is wrong. When paws drag or scrape against the ground during walking, it may point to an underlying neurological issue rather than simple clumsiness. One of the most common conditions linked to this symptom is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in dogs.
Understanding the difference between harmless behaviour and a clinical warning sign is crucial. Left unchecked, ground scratching can progress into stumbling, loss of balance, or even paralysis. This article explores why dogs develop this symptom, how it relates to IVDD, and what every owner should do if they notice their dog scraping its paws on the ground.
What Does Dog Ground Scratching Look Like?
Dog ground scratching is not the same as playful digging in the garden or scratching the floor out of habit. It refers specifically to the way a dog’s paws drag, scrape, or “slap” against the ground while walking. Instead of lifting the paws cleanly with each step, the nails or the top of the paw make repeated contact with the surface, leaving behind scuff marks or even causing the nails to wear down unevenly.
Owners often describe the sound first: a clicking or scraping noise as the claws strike concrete or wooden floors. On grass or carpet, the symptom may be harder to spot, but you may notice the dog’s toes catching or the paw folding under slightly as they walk. Unlike normal digging behaviour, which is deliberate and focused in one spot, ground scratching happens unintentionally during movement, often growing more pronounced when the dog is tired or walking on a hard surface.
A simple way to distinguish this from ordinary clumsiness is to observe the gait closely. If your dog consistently “slaps” the ground with the same paw, or if both back legs appear to drag in rhythm, it points to a neurological or musculoskeletal issue rather than mere play. Looking at the nails can also provide clues: excessive wear on the tips of certain claws, or abrasions on the skin above the paw, often signals repeated ground contact.
Noticing these small visual and auditory cues early on is vital. What may seem like a harmless quirk can in fact be one of the first indicators of mobility loss, including conditions such as IVDD in dogs.
Common Causes of Dog Ground Scratching
Not every case of dog ground scratching is a sign of disease. In some dogs, scraping their paws is linked to behavioural habits. Anxious or bored dogs may paw at the ground repetitively, particularly when left alone for long periods. Others develop small quirks of movement that persist without any clinical relevance. These patterns usually occur in specific contexts — for example, when a dog is waiting for food, excited before a walk, or trying to release pent-up energy.
However, when ground scratching happens during regular walking, the explanation is more likely medical. Issues such as arthritis can make it painful for a dog to lift its legs properly, leading to dragging or scraping. Injuries to the paw pads, overgrown nails, or joint stiffness can all cause similar movement changes. Neurological disorders are another major factor: when the nerves controlling the hind limbs are compromised, dogs often lose the ability to raise their paws cleanly.
One of the most frequent neurological conditions behind this symptom is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). When spinal discs press on the spinal cord, they disrupt communication between the brain and the limbs. The result is weakness, stumbling, and the characteristic dragging of paws against the ground. This connection is particularly strong in small and chondrodystrophic breeds such as Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, and Cocker Spaniels. For a deeper understanding of how IVDD develops and why it affects mobility, see our detailed guide: IVDD in Dogs: Is It Just a Slipped Disc or Something More Serious?
Recognising the difference between a harmless habit and a clinical symptom is critical. Ground scratching that occurs consistently, across different settings, and is accompanied by weakness or stumbling should never be ignored.
Dog Ground Scratching and IVDD: The Connection
When dog ground scratching is linked to Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), the underlying process is neurological rather than behavioural. IVDD occurs when the cushioning discs between the vertebrae degenerate or rupture. As these discs press against the spinal cord, they interfere with the transmission of signals from the brain to the hind limbs.
This disruption often shows itself in subtle ways before paralysis or severe pain develops. One of the earliest signs is the inability to lift the paws properly while walking. Instead of clearing the ground, the toes drag, scrape, or fold under with each step. The result is the tell-tale sound of claws hitting the pavement or the sight of worn nails and scuffed paw surfaces. What looks like an awkward gait is actually the product of reduced nerve communication and muscle weakness.
The breeds most at risk are chondrodystrophic dogs — those with long backs and short legs. Dachshunds are the most well-known example, with studies suggesting that up to one in four will develop IVDD in their lifetime. French Bulldogs, Cocker Spaniels, Beagles, and Pekingese also sit high on the risk list. Larger breeds are not immune either; German Shepherds, for instance, can develop a different form of IVDD as they age.
Understanding this connection is vital for early detection. What starts as minor ground scratching can quickly progress to stumbling, loss of balance, or even sudden paralysis. Owners of predisposed breeds should treat paw dragging as a red flag, not an innocent quirk. For a practical overview of the earliest warning signs, read our guide: Dog Back and Leg Problems: Early Signs of IVDD Every Owner Should Recognise
When to Worry: Red Flags for Dog Owners
Ground scratching during normal walking isn’t a “wait and see” quirk. Treat it as a screening moment: decide now whether this is an emergency, an urgent appointment, or a monitoring case with immediate home adjustments.
Seek same-day emergency care if you notice:
- Sudden or rapidly worsening paw-dragging (within hours or overnight), especially after a jump or sharp yelp.
- Clear back pain (crying when lifted, arched back), collapse, or inability to stand.
- Knuckling of one/both hind paws, loss of bladder/bowel control, or obvious hind-limb weakness.
Book a vet visit within 24–48 hours if you notice:
- Persistent dog ground scratching on hard surfaces (pavement, laminate), “slapping” sounds, or scuffed nails/skin on the top of the paw.
- Wobbliness, crossing back legs, shortened steps, reluctance to jump, a new “stiff back”, or symptoms that worsen with fatigue.
- Repeated dragging on the same limb over several walks.
What to do before the appointment (without delaying it):
- Film the gait: 30–60 seconds on a flat, well-lit, non-slip surface; capture side and rear angles.
- Check the nails/paw tops for asymmetric wear or abrasions; note which limbs are affected.
- Write a quick timeline: first noticed, triggers, better/worse patterns, any pain sounds.
- Risk-reduce immediately: block stairs and furniture jumps, add non-slip runners, use a supportive harness, keep walks short and controlled.
Who to contact in the UK (and how referrals work):
Start with your local practice and—if indicated—ask for referral to an RCVS-accredited neurology specialist; the RCVS directory shows recognised specialists and how the referral pathway operates (Find a Vet)
Examples of reputable UK centres with neurology/IVDD services:
- Fitzpatrick Referrals (Surrey) — dedicated Neurology service; extensive IVDD resources and rehab pathways.
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service (West Midlands) — full neurology service with 24/7 hospital support.
- Royal Veterinary College – Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (Hertfordshire) — advanced neurology and neurosurgery service within a major teaching hospital.
Veterinary Diagnosis
Determining whether dog ground scratching is behavioural or a sign of IVDD in dogs requires a structured veterinary approach. The first step is a detailed history: when the paw-dragging began, whether it has worsened over time, and in which situations it appears most clearly. Breed, age, and lifestyle also matter, as certain dogs are predisposed to spinal conditions.
During the clinical examination, the vet performs a neurological assessment. This often includes proprioception tests such as flipping a paw to see how quickly the dog replaces it, checking spinal reflexes, and gently palpating the spine to detect pain. Subtle responses, like delayed paw replacement or scuffed nails, help distinguish neurological weakness from simple clumsiness. To guide treatment decisions, the vet may also assign an IVDD “grade,” which describes the severity of signs from mild pain through to paralysis.
Imaging is crucial for confirming the diagnosis. X-rays can rule out fractures, deformities, or mineralised discs, but they cannot show spinal cord compression. MRI remains the gold standard, revealing the exact site and severity of disc herniation. In some cases, CT scans—especially useful for breeds prone to calcified discs like Dachshunds and French Bulldogs—are employed. Where advanced imaging is unavailable, myelography may be considered, though it is more invasive. Routine blood tests are also run to ensure a dog is fit for anaesthesia and to inform the safe use of medication.
A key challenge for vets is distinguishing IVDD from other conditions that cause similar signs. Arthritis typically leads to stiffness and pain but usually does not affect proprioception, while degenerative myelopathy produces slow, painless weakness rather than sudden paw dragging. Local issues such as overgrown nails or paw injuries can mimic the symptom but will not show consistent neurological deficits. Imaging is often what separates these possibilities.
Owners play a vital role in making diagnosis accurate. Recording a short video of the dog walking on a hard surface provides invaluable evidence of ground scratching, especially if the sound of claws striking the floor is captured. Keeping a timeline of when the problem first appeared, what makes it worse, and any signs of pain gives the vet a clearer picture. It is also important not to mask the clues by clipping nails too short before the appointment, as uneven wear is often a diagnostic sign.
In urgent cases—such as rapid progression of weakness, severe pain, or loss of coordination—referral to a specialist centre for advanced imaging and possible surgery is usually recommended. Early assessment not only identifies whether IVDD is the cause but can also make the difference between conservative management and emergency intervention.
Treatment Options for Dogs with Ground Scratching
The treatment pathway depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the signs. When dog ground scratching is linked to IVDD in dogs, management typically falls into two broad approaches: conservative care and surgical intervention.
Conservative treatment is usually reserved for dogs with mild or moderate symptoms. Strict rest is the cornerstone; in practice this means crate confinement or limiting movement for several weeks. Rest allows inflamed discs to settle and prevents further damage. Alongside rest, vets often prescribe anti-inflammatory medication and pain relief. In some cases, muscle relaxants are added to reduce tension along the spine. Nutritional support can also play a role: supplements or veterinary diets containing chondroitin, glucosamine, and omega-3 fatty acids may help maintain spinal and joint health. Conservative treatment demands discipline from the owner, as letting a dog “walk it off” or resume normal activity too soon can undo progress.
Surgical treatment becomes the preferred option when symptoms are severe, rapidly progressive, or non-responsive to rest and medication. Surgery is designed to decompress the spinal cord by removing herniated disc material. Techniques such as hemilaminectomy or ventral slot surgery are performed depending on the location of the disc. While surgery carries risks and costs, it often provides the best chance of recovery for dogs that can no longer walk or have lost deep pain sensation. Post-operative rehabilitation is just as important as the operation itself, involving physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, and careful activity management.
Beyond primary treatment, supportive measures make a significant difference to quality of life. Physiotherapy tailored to each dog can restore strength, improve coordination, and reduce stiffness. Hydrotherapy is particularly valuable, allowing weak dogs to exercise without placing weight on their spine. Orthopaedic aids such as harnesses and non-slip flooring help reduce strain during recovery. For dogs with lasting weakness, mobility aids become essential. In cases where paw dragging persists or where hind-limb function is limited, a properly fitted dog wheelchair can give a dog independence and allow safe daily exercise.
Ultimately, the choice of treatment depends on accurate diagnosis, the stage of IVDD, and the owner’s ability to commit to rest, rehabilitation, or post-surgical care. What remains constant is that dog ground scratching should never be ignored, as timely intervention often means the difference between recovery and long-term disability.
Home Care and Lifestyle Adjustments
Managing dog ground scratching linked to IVDD in dogs does not end once the vet has prescribed medication or completed surgery. The way a dog lives day-to-day has a direct impact on both recovery and long-term mobility. Thoughtful changes at home and consistent routines can reduce strain on the spine, lower the risk of relapse, and improve quality of life.
Adapting the home environment is often the first step. Smooth wooden floors and polished tiles are difficult for dogs with weak hind limbs, as they encourage slipping and worsen paw dragging. Placing non-slip runners or rugs along walking routes creates safe pathways and reduces stress on the joints. Stairs and high furniture should be treated as hazards; installing baby gates to block staircases and using ramps to allow access to sofas or beds prevents the repeated jumping that often triggers disc problems in the first place.
Exercise and physical therapy also need to be managed carefully. While strict rest is vital in the early stages of IVDD, long-term inactivity leads to muscle wastage and stiffness. Once a vet confirms it is safe, gentle physiotherapy exercises—such as controlled leash walks on level ground or supported standing drills—help rebuild coordination. Hydrotherapy, where the dog walks or swims in water, offers resistance without weight-bearing stress. Even simple home-based techniques such as gentle massage of the back and hind limbs can stimulate circulation and relieve tension, provided they are done under professional guidance.
Nutrition and weight management are sometimes overlooked but are critical. Excess body weight puts additional strain on the spine and joints, accelerating the effects of IVDD and making ground scratching worse. A balanced diet with appropriate calorie control, tailored to the dog’s age and activity level, is essential. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and joint-supportive nutrients can also support spinal health, but owners should consult their vet before adding anything new.
Ultimately, home care is about consistency. Small adjustments—placing a ramp by the sofa, keeping nails trimmed to reduce scuffing, or controlling portion sizes—combine to protect the spine and help the dog maintain mobility. For many owners, these changes not only ease the burden of IVDD but also give their dog the confidence to move without constant struggle.
Prevention and Long-Term Management
Preventing dog ground scratching from progressing into serious mobility problems is not only possible but essential, especially in breeds predisposed to IVDD in dogs. Long-term management requires vigilance, planning, and the willingness to adapt a dog’s lifestyle permanently.
One of the simplest but most effective strategies is to minimise high-impact movements. Repeated jumping on and off furniture, sprinting up stairs, or launching from car boots can all accelerate disc degeneration. Installing ramps to beds, sofas, or vehicles is a practical investment. Blocking access to staircases with gates is another straightforward measure that significantly reduces spinal strain over the years. These changes often feel excessive at first, but owners of Dachshunds or French Bulldogs will quickly recognise how much difference they make in reducing flare-ups.
Early detection in high-risk breeds is equally important. Dogs such as Dachshunds, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Pekingese are genetically predisposed to IVDD, and even subtle signs like occasional ground scratching, wobbliness, or reluctance to jump should trigger a veterinary check. Recording short videos of gait changes and presenting them to your vet can fast-track diagnosis. Owners of at-risk breeds should treat “mild” paw dragging as a clinical sign, not a behavioural quirk.
Routine veterinary monitoring forms the backbone of long-term care. Annual or biannual check-ups allow vets to track changes in gait, weight, and spinal health. In some cases, proactive imaging may be advised, particularly if early ground scratching appears in middle-aged dogs. Establishing a trusted relationship with a vet—ideally one experienced in neurology or orthopaedics—ensures that intervention happens before irreversible damage occurs.
Prevention is not about eliminating every risk but about stacking small advantages: controlling weight to reduce load on the spine, maintaining regular low-impact exercise to keep muscles strong, and adapting the home so everyday movements are safe. Owners who consistently apply these measures often find that their dogs not only avoid severe relapses but also enjoy a longer, more comfortable life despite their IVDD predisposition.
FAQs on Dog Ground Scratching
Is dog ground scratching always a sign of IVDD?
Not always. Some dogs scrape their paws because of overgrown nails, paw pad injuries, or even simple habit. However, when ground scratching appears consistently during walking, especially in breeds at risk of IVDD, it should be treated as a red flag. The key difference is that neurological causes such as IVDD in dogs are progressive, meaning the scuffing will not improve on its own and may be joined by stumbling, knuckling, or weakness.
Can a dog recover fully from IVDD-related ground scratching?
Yes, recovery is possible, but the outcome depends on how quickly the problem is recognised and treated. Dogs with mild signs often improve with strict rest and medication, while those with severe spinal compression may require surgery. Rehabilitation such as physiotherapy and hydrotherapy can restore strength and coordination. The earlier intervention starts, the better the chances of a full recovery.
Which breeds are most at risk of dog ground scratching caused by IVDD?
Chondrodystrophic breeds with long backs and short legs are particularly vulnerable. Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, Beagles, and Cocker Spaniels feature prominently on this list. Larger breeds like German Shepherds can also develop disc disease as they age. Owners of these breeds should pay close attention to even minor scuffing of the paws and seek veterinary advice without delay.
Can dog wheelchairs help with ground scratching?
Yes, especially when the scratching is due to weakness in the hind limbs. A properly fitted wheelchair allows the dog to move safely without dragging its paws, preventing injuries to nails and skin. Wheelchairs are not a cure for IVDD but they are a valuable tool in maintaining mobility and independence during recovery or in cases where nerve damage is permanent.
How can I tell if my dog’s paw dragging is serious?
The best indicator is consistency. If the scratching appears on every walk, regardless of the surface, or is accompanied by pain, reluctance to jump, or a wobbly gait, it is highly likely to be a medical issue rather than behaviour. Recording a short video of your dog’s walk and showing it to a vet provides a clear picture that speeds up diagnosis.
Is there anything I can do at home while waiting for a vet appointment?
Yes. Restrict your dog’s movement by avoiding stairs and jumping, add non-slip mats around the house, and use a supportive harness on walks to keep them steady. Keep nails trimmed but not excessively short, as nail wear patterns help the vet assess the severity of ground contact. Most importantly, avoid the temptation to let the dog “walk it off”—rest is protective, not harmful, in these cases.
Final Thoughts
Dog ground scratching may look trivial, but it is often one of the earliest and most telling signs that something deeper is at play. While occasional paw scuffing can stem from overgrown nails or a minor injury, persistent dragging should always raise concern. In many cases, it reflects the early stages of IVDD in dogs — a condition where swift recognition and action directly influence the outcome. Ignoring the symptom, or waiting until stumbling and paralysis appear, dramatically reduces the chance of full recovery.
Owners have more control than they think. Careful observation, quick veterinary intervention, and consistent home adjustments can protect a dog’s mobility for years. Preventive steps like minimising jumping, maintaining a healthy weight, and spotting subtle gait changes early can be life-changing. And when weakness does persist, mobility aids such as dog wheelchairs ensure that a diagnosis of IVDD does not equal a loss of independence.
If you have noticed your dog scraping or dragging its paws, the next step is not to search for reassurance online but to act. Book a veterinary examination, record a short video of the gait to take with you, and start reducing risks at home while you wait. For a complete overview of how IVDD develops and what to watch for, read our IVDD guide.
The difference between a dog that continues to enjoy walks and one that loses mobility often comes down to how early their owner recognises the warning signs. If your dog is showing ground scratching today, the time to act is now.
